Subnetting

# How to understand about Subnetting ?

2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255

# How to find Host ?

c=2^n-2 where c= host or computer and n=number of bit or /n or /27

# How to find network or subnets ?

network or subnets = 2^n where n= network
for class A = Total 24 bits to use for subnetting.
for class B = Total 16 bits to use for subnetting.
for class C = Total 8 bits to use for subnetting.

# What is the subnet for the host IP address 201.100.5.68/28 ?

Here /28 means 255.255.255.240 subnet
from formula,
Host =2^32-28-2=14
subnets=2^4=16(network)
here host=14 then
0-15
16-31
32-47
48-63
64-79
Here 64 subnet 79 Broadcast
(68 comes between this range means 201.100.5.64 will be subnet
and 201.100.5.79 will Broadcast)
Host range=201.100.5.65-201.100.5.78
1 after bit 1 before bit Host Range.
80-95

# What is the Subnet for the host IP address 172.16.210.1/22 ?

Here /22 =255.255.252.0
172.16.210.1 in Binary
10101100.00010000.11010010.00000001 AND Opration
11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000 2 bit
255.255.128+64+32+16+8+4.(2+1).0
_________________________________________
10101100.00010000.11010000.00000000

Again convert Decimal
172.16.208.0 Subnet
For Broadcast here 2 bit host(total 10 bit 8+2 )
Broadcast 172.16.211.255 (Because 2+1=3, 208+3=211
Host Range=172.16.208.1-172.16.211.254
Host Range =(subnet+1)-(Broadcast-1)

# What is the Subnet for the host IP 172.16.210.4/27 ?

172.16.210.4 255.255.255.224
Convert Both in Binary & AND Opration
10101100.00010000.11010010.00000100
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
________________________________________________
10101100.00010000.11010010.00000000 convert Decimal

172.16.210.0 Subnet

How to find out Broadcast,here Host no.=30 then range start will be

0-31 4 comes this range means 172.16.210.4
32-63 Here Subnet =172.16.210.0
64-95 Broadcast =172.16.210.31
Host Range = 172.16.210.1 - 172.16.210.30
Host Range =(subnet+1)-(Broadcast-1)

# What is the subnet for the ip address 10.10.5.68/28 ?
Here Hosts=2^4-2=14
subnets = 2^20 (28-8)=1048576
0-15
16-31
32-47
48-63
64-79 (68 comes this range) here subnet=10.10.5.64
80-95 Braadcast=10.10.5.79


Host Range =(subnet+1)-(Broadcast-1)

Host Range = 10.10.5.65 - 10.10.5.78

# What is the subnet for the ip address 172.16.210.1/21 ?

10101100.00010000.11010010.00000001
11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
255.255.128+64+32+16+8.(4+2+1).0
_______________________________________________
10101100.00010000.11010000.00000000
172.16.208.0
Subnet = 172.16.208.0
Broadcast = 172.16.215.255 (208+7)((4+2+1))
Host Range =(subnet+1)-(Broadcast-1)
Host Range = 172.16.208.1 - 172.16.215.254

# What is the subnet for the IP address 10.10.5.68/21 ?
00001010.00001010.00000101.01000100
11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
______________________________________________
00001010.00001010.00000000.00000000
Subnet = 10.10.0.0
Broadcast= 10.10.7.255
Host Range= 10.10.0.1 - 10.10.7.254